How to Clean and Maintain an Air Conditioner

Have you been wondering how to clean and maintain your air conditioner to keep it running efficiently? Whether you own a central, ductless/mini-split, portable, or window air conditioner, this guide will help you understand how to clean your unit, which tools to use, and how to perform regular maintenance. If you have been having difficulties with your unit, such as musty or unpleasant smells, unusual noises, or your AC running but not cooling, then this guide is for you! From cleaning the air filters and evaporator coils to scrubbing the drain pan and clearing the condensate line, this guide will walk you through each step of cleaning and extending the life of your unit.

Common Signs of a Dirty Air Conditioner

• Weak Airflow: If you notice that the airflow coming from your vents is weaker than usual, it could be due to a dirty air filter, clogged ducts, or dirty evaporator or condenser coils.
• Unpleasant Odors: Dirty air conditioners can emit musty or unpleasant odors when running. This could be caused by mold or mildew growth on the evaporator coil or in the ductwork.
• Visible Dirt and Dust: If you can see dirt, dust, or debris accumulating on the vents, registers, or around the indoor or outdoor unit, it's a clear sign that your air conditioner needs cleaning.
• Uneven Cooling: If some rooms in your home are significantly warmer or cooler than others, it could indicate airflow restrictions caused by a dirty air filter, clogged ducts, or dirty coils.
• Frequent Cycling On and Off: A dirty air conditioner may cycle on and off more frequently than usual as it struggles to maintain the desired temperature. This constant cycling can lead to increased wear and tear on the system.
• Ice Formation: If you notice ice forming on the evaporator coils of your unit, this is a common sign of restricted airflow or issues with the refrigerant line. Both of these can be caused by dirt and debris buildup.
• Strange Noises: Unusual noises such as rattling, buzzing, or banging coming from your air conditioner can indicate a blockage that needs to be cleared.

How to Clean and Maintain a Central Air Conditioner

Central air conditioners use a network of ducts to distribute cooled air throughout the building. The ductwork delivers the conditioned air to different rooms through vents and returns warm air back to the indoor unit for cooling.

Clean the Condenser

The condenser consists of the fan, cooling tubes, and compressor and it is located in the outside unit of your air conditioner. Before you begin cleaning it, ensure that you have switched off the circuit breaker for the AC. Begin by cleaning the fins, which are the narrow slats of metal on the side of the unit, using a vacuum with a nozzle attachment. Remove any built-up debris, such as leaves and grass, which can reduce airflow and efficiency over time. While cleaning, straighten any bent or crooked fins using a butter knife or similar utensil, being careful not to damage them. Next, unscrew the grate that covers the condenser to access and remove the fan for cleaning, taking care not to disconnect any wires if they are connected to the compressor. Use a garden hose to clean the fan blades and then wipe the blades with a clean cloth. Finally, spray water through the condenser fins from the inside to clear any remaining blockages. Reassemble the components once they are all dry.

Clean Air Filters

The air filter prevents dust and other contaminants from entering the AC unit. This prevents dirt from accumulating inside the AC which could lead to overheating and potential damage. The air filter also helps to keep the air fresh by removing pollutants from the air. If the air filter is dirty you may notice a musty smell from the air conditioner. Remove the front panel of the unit and pull out the air filter. Place it under warm running water, and gently scrub it with a soft-bristled brush. Once it is dry, return it to the unit and reattach the cover.

Clean the Drain and Hose

The drain line or condensate line carries condensate water out of the air conditioner. Connected to the drain pan is a drain line, also known as a condensate drain line or condensate drain pipe. Depending on your AC model, there may be a hose attached to the end of the drain line. This hose serves to direct the condensate water to a suitable drainage location, such as a floor drain or an exterior location. Use a pipe cleaner or a long-handled brush to clear any debris or buildup from the drain line. If the clog is stubborn, you may need to use a mixture of vinegar and water or a mild drain cleaner to dissolve it. Once the drain line is clear, ensure that the condensate drain hose is securely attached and free of kinks or obstructions.

Clean the Evaporator Coils

The evaporator coils are found near the front of the unit behind the air filter. Use a soft-bristled brush to carefully remove any dirt and debris. If the dirt is stubborn, you can purchase a chemical coil cleaner from your local hardware store as well. Be careful not to get any liquid or foam on the electrical parts of the unit. thoroughly with clean water. Rinse the coil thoroughly and reinstall the filter and front panel of the air conditioner.

Keep the Area Around Your Air Conditioner Clean

The outdoor unit needs open space for it to run efficiently. Ensure that there are no bushes, weeds, or other large items within 2-3 feet of the unit. This allows air to flow freely and reach the condenser.

How to Clean and Maintain a Window Air Conditioner

The window AC unit is a self-contained cooling system that is designed to be mounted in a window or through a specially designed wall opening. They are relatively easy to install compared to other types of air conditioning systems and are designed for single-room cooling.

Clean the Grille

Most window AC units have a front panel that covers the grille. Remove the front panel to access the grille and use a vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment or a soft-bristled brush to remove any dust, dirt, or debris from the grille. Pay attention to the fins of the grille, as these areas can accumulate a significant amount of debris. After vacuuming or brushing, wipe down the grille with a damp cloth to remove any remaining dirt or grime. You can use mild soap or a mixture of water and vinegar for stubborn stains.

While cleaning, you should inspect the grille for any signs of damage, such as bent fins or cracks. Carefully straighten any bent fins gently using a fin comb or a butter knife. Once the grille is clean, allow it to air dry completely before reassembling the front panel and turning the unit back on.

Clean the Air Filter

While you have the front panel removed, take the opportunity to clean the air filter. You can find it behind the grille. Depending on your model, the air filter may slide out or it may need to be unclipped. Use a vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean the filter. Be careful not to damage the filter while you do so. If the filter is washable, you can run it under warm water as well. Once the filter is dry, reinsert it into the air conditioner and reassemble the unit.

Clean the Evaporator Coils

The evaporator coils are responsible for cooling the air inside the unit. Over time, it is common for evaporator coils to become covered in dust and debris. Remove the front cover of the unit and apply a coil cleaner over the surface of the evaporator coils. Allow the cleaner to soak and penetrate through the build-up. Use a soft cloth or a nylon bristle brush to wipe all the grime. Once the coils are clean thoroughly rinse the coils until all the cleaner is removed. Once they are fully dry, you can reassemble the unit.

How to Clean and Maintain a Ductless/Mini-Split Air Conditioner

The mini-split provides targeted cooling to various areas in the home without the need for ductwork. It consists of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. You will need to inspect and clean both to keep your air conditioner running optimally.

Clean the Air Filter

Cleaning your air filter should be a regular part of your maintenance to avoid unpleasant odors, inefficient cooling, overheating, and unusually loud noises. Access the filter by opening the cabinet door and carefully pulling out the filter. Use a vacuum to remove all the dirt debris and reinstall the filter into the cabinet, ensuring that it is oriented correctly.

Clean the Condensate Pan

The AC unit removes moisture from the air as it passes over the evaporator coil. This water cools and forms water droplets which then drips down into a drain pan located beneath the evaporator coil. Remove the access panel of the AC and locate the drain pan underneath the evaporator coil. Remove any standing water in the pan using a cloth or towel and be careful not to spill any water onto the surrounding electrical components. Use a mixture of soap and water and a soft brush to scrub the drain pan. Once it is clean, rinse the pan and wait until it dries before reassembling the unit.

Clean the Outdoor Unit

Remove any debris, such as leaves, grass, or dirt, from the exterior of the condenser unit using a soft brush or vacuum cleaner. Next, use a garden hose to spray down the grille and the fan cage of the outdoor unit. Carefully clean the condenser coils using a coil cleaner or a mixture of mild detergent and water and a soft brush to remove dirt and debris from the coils. Finally, check the condenser fan for any debris buildup and clean it as needed.

How to Clean and Maintain a Portable Air Conditioner

Portable air conditioners are cost-effective appliances that provide users with flexibility and convenience. Unlike window or central air conditioners, portable units do not require permanent installation. This allows users to move them from room to room whenever needed. To keep your portable air conditioner running efficiently throughout the summer, you'll need to regularly clean and maintain various components.

Clean the Cabinet

It is important to clean the exterior panels of the air conditioner every few weeks. This helps to prevent dirt from building up on the surface and helps to maintain the appearance of the appliance. It also ensures that the AC isn't working harder to try and draw air through a clogged or dirty filter. Grab a soft, damp cloth and wipe the entire cabinet. Avoid using any harsh chemicals as this may leave abrasions on the surface.

Clean the Air Filter

The air filter in portable units is typically found either on the rear end or on the side of the air conditioner. It is responsible for removing contaminants from the air and preventing them from entering the air conditioner unit and damaging its internal components. Pull out the air filter and wash it under warm running water. You can also use a vacuum cleaner to ensure you thoroughly remove any dust particles that may still be trapped in the filter. A dirty air filter can lead to a host of various problems such as poor air circulation, a musty smell, or even damage to the interior components of the air conditioner. It is recommended to inspect and clean the filter at least once every two weeks.

Drain the Storage Tank

Portable air conditioners remove moisture from the air as they cool it. This moisture then condenses into water droplets, which need to be collected and disposed of to prevent the interior of the unit from becoming overly humid and to avoid potential water damage. This water is stored in a storage tank or condensate tank until it is ready to be emptied. If your air conditioner has an indicator light, it will flash when the tank needs to be emptied. Otherwise, you can check your user manual for specific recommendations on when to empty the tank. To empty the tank, locate the drain plug towards the bottom of the unit. Place a small dish or pan underneath the plug and then pull off the plug. Allow the water to drain completely into the dish and reconnect the plug. It is important to note that some modern units are self-contained and do not have a storage tank that requires cleaning

Store the Unit Correctly

Before you store away your air conditioner, you should drain the tank, secure the power cord, and place it inside a protective covering. Store your portable air conditioner in a cool, dry place indoors. It must be away from direct sunlight, moisture, and extreme temperatures. Be careful not to place it in areas prone to pests as they can get inside the unit and damage it. You should also ensure that it is in an upright position to prevent damage to internal components and ensure proper ventilation.

How to Get the Most Out of Your Air Conditioner

• Change the Air Filter Every 6 Months: Regularly changing the air filter ensures proper airflow, reduces strain on the system and improves indoor air quality by trapping dust, allergens, and debris. Browse our list of genuine OEM replacement filters to find the right one for your unit.
• Use Smart Thermostat or AC Controllers: Smart thermostats allow you to program temperature settings based on your schedule, optimize energy usage, and remotely control your air conditioner for efficiency and comfort.
• Keep Your Doors and Windows Closed: Keeping doors and windows closed prevents warm air from entering and cool air from escaping, maximizing the effectiveness of your air conditioner.
• Set The Right Temperature: Setting the thermostat to an optimal temperature (typically around 78°F or 25-26°C) ensures comfort while minimizing energy consumption and reducing strain on the air conditioner.
• Use Right-Size AC For Room Size: Using the right-sized air conditioner for the room ensures efficient cooling without unnecessary energy consumption or wear and tear on the system. For example, portable air conditioners are best used for small to medium-sized rooms such as bedrooms or home offices.
• Turn Off the AC When You’re Not Home: Every time you leave your home, you should make sure to turn off the air conditioner. This helps not only to save energy and reduce utility costs but also reduces the strain on the AC unit and prolongs the lifespan of the system.
• Landscape Around the Outdoor Unit: Keeping the area around the outdoor unit clear of debris, vegetation, and obstructions ensures proper airflow, enhances efficiency, and reduces the risk of damage to the unit.
• Ventilate Your Home: Proper ventilation helps remove indoor pollutants, excess moisture, and heat, improving indoor air quality and reducing the workload on your air conditioner.
• Have Your Air Conditioner Serviced: It is recommended to have a professional HVAC technician inspect your air conditioner once a year. A technician can help ensure the optimal performance of your unit by detecting and addressing potential problems early, thus prolonging the lifespan of your air conditioner.

As you can see, it is essential to clean and inspect the various components of your air conditioner unit regularly to keep it running efficiently and to extend the life span of the equipment. If you are unsure about any part of the cleaning or maintenance, it is best to call a qualified technician to avoid any damage to your air conditioner.